Disc Springs (Belleville Washers): Custom Manufacturer
Disc springs (Belleville washers) are conical rings of spring steel that carry very high loads in very little space. As a custom disc spring manufacturer and exporter, we produce alloy and stainless steel disc springs to DIN 2093 and GB/T 1972, with parallel or series stacks engineered to your exact load and deflection curve. Used across bolted joints, safety valves, clutches, machine-tool spindles and heavy machinery foundations, our discs are made per drawing – custom OD, ID, thickness and cone height – and load-tested before dispatch.
Overview
A disc spring – also called a Belleville washer – is a conical ring of spring steel that deflects under axial load. Disc springs carry very high loads in very little space, and by stacking them in series or in parallel they produce almost any combination of load and deflection. They are the standard solution for bolted joints, valve springs and machine foundations.
The load-deflection curve of a disc spring is non-linear: it rises steeply, then flattens, and can even be designed with a nearly constant force over a wide deflection range. This characteristic makes disc springs ideal for compensating thermal expansion, maintaining bolt preload and absorbing shock without changing force.
We manufacture disc springs in alloy and stainless spring steels to DIN 2093 and GB/T 1972, including custom sizes, slotted discs and complete stacks supplied to your drawing.
Stacking & Construction
Single disc springs deflect only a little, but the same spring can be combined in stacks to change both load and deflection behaviour.
Parallel stacking
Discs stacked in the same direction. Load capacity adds up while deflection stays the same – for very high forces in a short stack.
Series stacking
Discs stacked in alternating directions. Deflection adds up while load stays the same – for longer travel with the same force.
Combined stacks
Parallel groups arranged in series, giving the exact load and deflection your design needs.
With or without flat washers
Flat washers between discs reduce friction and wear in dynamic applications and make the stack behaviour more predictable.
Slotted disc springs
Discs with radial slots lower the load for a given size and add damping – used in some coupling and vibration applications.
Single disc use
Many applications need only one disc: bolt preload maintenance, thermal expansion compensation and load spreading.
Applications
- Bolted flange joints and pipe supports (thermal expansion compensation)
- Safety and relief valves
- Clutch assemblies and torque limiters
- Machine tool spindles and bearings (preload)
- Heavy machinery foundations and vibration isolation
- Electrical switchgear contact pressure
- Stamping dies and press tools
- Seismic and shock protection systems
Technical Parameters Explained
Load-deflection curve: Disc springs have a characteristic non-linear curve that can be tuned by the ratio of cone height to thickness – from rising, to flat, to even negative stiffness.
Stack configuration: Parallel stacking multiplies load, series stacking multiplies deflection, and combined stacks give both. Stacking changes what one disc design can achieve.
Outside / inside diameter: The envelope of the disc. The ratio of diameters determines the spring characteristic and the stress distribution.
Disc thickness: Thickness sets load capacity and stiffness – the most sensitive dimension in the design.
Cone height: The height of the cone before loading. Together with thickness it defines the shape of the load-deflection curve.
Fatigue behaviour: For dynamic applications, shot peening and controlled surface finish significantly extend fatigue life.
Friction and lubrication: In stacks, friction between discs affects the real load-deflection curve. Lubrication and flat washers make behaviour more predictable.
Specifications & Range
| Standards | DIN 2093, GB/T 1972, or custom per drawing |
| Materials | 60Si2MnA, 50CrVA, stainless steel 301 / 302, other spring steels per application |
| Stack options | Single, parallel, series and combined stacks; with flat washers if required |
| Surface options | Phosphating, zinc plating, Dacromet, oiled, shot-peened |
| Custom sizes | OD, ID, thickness and cone height produced per drawing |
| Load testing | Load-deflection tested per stack configuration before dispatch |
Materials & Surface Treatment
Common materials:
- 60Si2MnA spring steel – standard high-strength disc spring material
- 50CrVA chromium-vanadium – better fatigue life for dynamic duty
- Stainless steel 301 / 302 – corrosion resistance for valves and food plant
- High-carbon spring steel – economical for static applications
Surface treatments:
- Phosphating – standard, holds oil film and improves break-in
- Zinc plating – corrosion protection
- Dacromet – salt-spray resistance without hydrogen embrittlement
- Shot peening – improves fatigue life for dynamic loads
- Oiled – light protection for internal assemblies
Dynamic applications demand shot-peened, stress-relieved discs; static applications can use standard heat treatment. Tell us the cycle count and environment and we will specify the right combination.
OEM Customization
From a standard DIN 2093 size to a fully custom disc with a specific load curve – we engineer the stack for your application.
Send Your Drawing
Drawing, stack arrangement and load requirement - we confirm the disc design and curve.
Sample Approval
Prototype discs are stamped, heat-treated and load-tested against your curve.
Batch Production
Series production with load testing per batch and full material certificates.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What is the difference between a disc spring and a coil spring?
A disc spring (Belleville washer) is a conical ring that carries very high loads in a small space and can be stacked to multiply load or deflection. A coil spring stores the same energy in a longer body. Where space is tight and force must stay precise – bolted joints, valves, clutches – disc springs win.
Q: What is DIN 2093?
DIN 2093 is the standard that defines the dimensions and load characteristics of disc springs (Belleville washers) – outside and inside diameter, thickness, cone height and the corresponding load-deflection behaviour. We make standard DIN 2093 sizes as well as customs per your drawing.
Q: How does stacking affect load and deflection?
Parallel stacking (discs in the same direction) adds load while deflection stays the same – for very high forces in a short stack. Series stacking (alternating) adds deflection at the same load – for longer travel. Combined stacks tune both to your requirement.
Q: What materials and heat treatment do you offer?
We use 60Si2MnA, 50CrVA chromium-vanadium and stainless steels 301/302. Standard discs are heat-treated and stress-relieved; dynamic applications get shot-peened discs and controlled surfaces for longer fatigue life. Zinc plating, phosphating or Dacromet are available for corrosion protection.
Q: Can you make disc springs to my drawing?
Yes – send a drawing, sample or the required load-deflection curve. We design the OD, ID, thickness, cone height and stack configuration, produce it, and load-test the delivered discs before dispatch.
Need Disc Springs?
Request a quote today – liu@chenjisprings.com | WhatsApp / Phone: +86 158 5311 1612 | Replies within 1 working day.
Product Gallery
Related Spring Types & Tools
Design Information & Applications
Key Design Parameters
Disc springs (Belleville washers) deliver very high load in a compact footprint, ideal where space is limited and a precise, stackable force is required. They are manufactured to DIN / EN / GB / ASTM as required, with material traceability to the raw heat-treatment number.
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
| Material | Alloy steel (60Si2Mn, 50CrVA), carbon steel (65Mn, 70#, 72A, 82B) or stainless steel (SS301, SS302, SS304, SS316, 17-7PH) |
| Size Range | Outside diameter 8-600 mm, inside diameter 4-125 mm, thickness 0.4-14 mm |
| Stacking | Parallel, series or combined stacks for tuned load and deflection |
| Surface Treatment | Black oxide, powder coating, zinc, nickel, silver, gold or chrome plating as required |
Typical Applications
Disc springs are used where reliable high-load resilience and precise pre-load are essential, in precision equipment and heavy machinery.
- Automotive suspension springs — precision pre-load and vehicle assemblies
- Railway suspension springs — high-load transport shock absorption
- Compression springs — linear compression products
- Extension springs — tension-load products
- Torsion springs — rotational force applications
Request a Quote
Send your OD, ID, thickness, target load/deflection and stacking requirement and we will confirm a competitive quotation within one working day. Contact us at liu@chenjisprings.com or WhatsApp +86 158 5311 1612.